Dengu : Causes, Effects, Prevention. Part 1

Dengue fever, commonly referred to as dengue, is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes. It is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions around the world, primarily in urban and semi-urban areas. Here's some information on its causes, effects, and prevention:

Causes of Dengue:

Dengue is caused by any one of four closely related viruses, known as dengue viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, and DEN-4), which belong to the Flaviviridae family. These viruses are primarily transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Aedes mosquitoes, mainly Aedes aegypti and, to a lesser extent, Aedes albopictus. These mosquitoes become infected when they bite a person with dengue and can then transmit the virus to other individuals.

Effects of Dengue:

Dengue fever can range from a mild illness to a severe and potentially life-threatening condition known as severe dengue or dengue hemorrhagic fever. The symptoms typically appear within 4 to 7 days after the mosquito bite and may include high fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, rash, nausea, vomiting, and mild bleeding (e.g., nose or gum bleed). In severe cases, dengue can lead to organ damage, plasma leakage, and a drop in platelet count, which may result in bleeding, organ failure, or even death if not promptly treated.

Prevention of Dengue:

Preventing dengue primarily involves controlling mosquito populations and avoiding mosquito bites. Here are some preventive measures:

Eliminate mosquito breeding sites: Mosquitoes that transmit dengue usually breed in stagnant water. Prevent the accumulation of water in outdoor containers, flowerpots, discarded tires, and other potential breeding sites. Regularly empty, clean, or cover water containers.

Use mosquito repellents: Apply mosquito repellents containing DEET, picaridin, or oil of lemon eucalyptus on exposed skin. Use bed nets and screens on windows and doors to prevent mosquitoes from entering living spaces.

Wear protective clothing: Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, socks, and shoes to minimize exposed skin and reduce mosquito bites.

Control mosquito populations: Use insecticides, larvicides, and mosquito traps to control mosquito populations in and around homes. Public health measures such as fogging and spraying may be implemented in areas with high dengue transmission.

Community involvement and awareness: Community participation and education campaigns are crucial in raising awareness about dengue prevention and control. Promote practices that eliminate mosquito breeding sites and encourage individuals to protect themselves from mosquito bites.

It is essential to consult healthcare professionals or local health authorities for the most up-to-date and region-specific information on dengue prevention and control, as the strategies may vary based on local circumstances and mosquito species prevalent in the area.